SKM Power*Tools
DAPPER is an integrated set of modules for Three-Phase Power System Design and Analysis including rigorous load flow and voltage drop calculations, impact motor starting, traditional fault analysis, demand and design load analysis, feeder, raceway and transformer sizing, and panel, MCC, and switchboard schedule specification.
Benefits:
- Generate better designs by comparing alternatives quickly.
- Improve accuracy with DAPPER’s rigorous solution methods.
- Save time by sharing a common project database and interface.
- Improve consistency with standard design libraries.
- Design safer systems by comparing calculations with short circuit and continuous ratings.
- Communicate designs effectively with presentation quality graphics, reports, and equipment schedules.
LOAD FLOW/VOLTAGE DROP:
With DAPPER, users can calculate the voltage drop on each feeder and transformer branch, voltage on each bus, projected power flow, and losses in the power system.
This program may be used for conventional voltage drop analysis, loss analysis, power factor studies, capacitor placement, long-line charging effects, impact loading for motor starting studies, generator sizing, and for cogeneration analysis.
With DAPPER, a single load flow program models loop and radial power systems. Double precision sparse matrix current injection solutions are used for faster, more accurate conver-gence. This allows for better modeling of ill-conditioned systems.
COMPREHENSIVE FAULT ANALYSIS:
The DAPPER Comprehensive Fault Analysis program provides a network solution of three-phase, single-line to ground, line-to line, and double line to ground fault currents; RMS momentary fault currents; asymmetrical fault duties at three, five, and eight cycles; the positive, negative, and zero sequence impedance values between each fault location, and contributions from utilities, generators, and motors. At each fault location, the direction, X/R, and magnitude of fault currents are reported, thus providing a clear view of the conditions that exist during the fault.
DEMAND LOAD ANALYSIS:
- Reports Connected, Demand, and Design loads.
- All load calculations account for individual load power factors.
- Automatically creates input load data for Load Flow and Voltage Drop Studies.
- Automatically creates loads for sizing feeders and transformers.
- System demand loads calculated using methods recognized by the NEC.
- Automatically tracks largest motor fed by each bus to meet NEC requirements.
- Automatic compliance with NEC and local codes for multi-level load diversity.
- Sensitivity studies, future load growth studies and load diversity studies by scaling load factors globally.
- "What if" analysis of loading conditions, i.e. light loading versus normal loading, or winter versus summer loading.
- Meet utility company requirements for providing a load summary by load type for connected, demand, and design loads at each utility bus.
- Generate sufficient information for sizing feeders, transformers, and other elements of the power system.
FEEDER AND TRANSFORMER SIZING:
DAPPER will size feeder cables, ground wires, raceways, bus ducts, duct banks and transformers throughout the power system to the load requirements calculated by the Demand Load Analysis program.
Feeders are selected to meet user-defined criteria for conductor material, voltage level, insulation type, and environmental conditions. Transformer primary and secondary feeders are sized to the transformer full load as specified by the user. Feeders and transformers may be included, excluded or evaluated in the sizing study.
LOAD SCHEDULES:
The DAPPER Load Schedule module provides detailed documentation of load fed through Panels, Motor Control Centers (MCCs) and Switchboards. Input is simplified through the use of libraries and copy and paste functions. The schedules can be displayed, printed, and exported in a variety of different formats.
Other Software Modules in SKM Power*Tools
CAPTOR
CAPTOR produces time versus current coordination drawings with one-line diagrams and setting reports. It lets you coordinate protective devices with interactive on-screen graphics, and provides a comprehensive library. You can print on preprinted graph paper or on plain paper with custom grids and layouts.
CAPTOR may be used on any electrical power system including utility, industrial, commercial, manufacturing, and process systems. Devices may be plotted at any voltage, current of application frequency. The most comprehensive library containing protective devices from all of the popular equipment manufacturers is included. CAPTOR's advanced device modeling and curve fitting techniques make library additions fast and easy.
Arc Flash Evaluation Studies
PTW Arc Flash Evaluation calculates the incident energy and arc flash boundary for each location in a power system. Arc Flash saves time by automatically determining trip times from the protective device settings and arcing fault current values. Incident energy and arc flash boundaries are calculated following the NFPA 70E and IEEE 1584 standards.
Clothing requirements are specified from a user-defined clothing library. Clearing times can be automatically reduced based on current-limiting capabilities.
ArcCalc Arc Flash Hazard Calculator
ArcCalc calculates the incident energy and arc flash boundary for any point in a power system. Minimum and maximum arcing short circuit currents are calculated using broad tolerances to provide conservative results with estimated system data. ArcCalc saves time by automatically determining trip times from the protective device settings. Incident energy, arc flash boundaries and PPE are calculated following the NFPA 70E and IEEE 1584 standards.
ANSI Fault Analysis
A_FAULT provides fault calculations in full compliance with the ANSI C37 standards.
It offers separate solutions for low, medium and high voltage systems and for symmetrical, momentary and interrupting calculations as defined in the standards.
For medium and high voltage systems, the momentary and interrupting values may be calculated using either the E/X or E/Z methods permitted by the standards. Both ac and dc decrement curves required by the total current rated standard (C37.5) and the symmetrical rated standard (C37.010) are used by the program.
PTW IEC_60909 Short Circuit Study
PTW IEC_60909 calculates short-circuit currents using the equivalent voltage source as required by the IEC 60909 standard. With PTW IEC_60909, three-phase and unbalanced fault duties for electrical power systems are calculated in compliance with the IEC 60909 standards for low, medium, and high voltage systems.
PTW IEC_61363 Short Circuit Study
The IEC_61363 Short Circuit Study module calculates the current that flows in an electrical power system under abnormal conditions. These currents must be calculated in order to adequately specify electrical apparatus withstand and interrupt ratings and selectively coordinate time current characteristics of electrical protective devices.
The IEC_61363 Short Circuit study represents conditions that may affect typical marine or offshore installations more significantly than land-based systems, including more emphasis on generator and motor decay.
The calculation methods are intended for use on unmeshed three-phase a.c. systems operating at 50Hz or 60Hz; having any system voltage specified in IEC 60092-201 table 2; having one or more different voltage levels; comprising generators, motors, transformers, reactors, cables and converter units; having their neutral point connected to the ship’s hull through an impedance; or having their neutral point isolated from the ship’s hull.
PTW Equipment Evaluation
The Equipment Evaluation Study module compares protective device ratings with short-circuit calculations. The program also checks for missing input data and compares continuous ratings to calculated design and operating conditions. Equipment that fails the evaluation are reported in table form and color-coded by the one-line diagrams. As with all PTW study modules, Equipment Evaluation uses the same project database, integrating all balanced and unbalanced/single-phase study modules, and allowing you to examine existing projects without additional input requirements.
Transient Motor Starting Analysis
The Transient Motor Starting Analysis module (TMS) is a state-of-the-art time simulation
program to analyze all aspects of motor starting problems accurately.
TMS models up to 1500 motors dynamically throughout starting, stopping or reacting to load changes. In order to completely examine motor starting problems, TMS has the capability to dynamically represent motors which are already on line at the beginning of the simulation.
The complete network is continuously modeled throughout the time simulation in order to properly represent the interactions between motors and to be able to examine the effects of static loads, transformer taps, generator voltage setpoints, and all other network parameters.
Harmonic Analysis Software
 HI_WAVE simulates resonance and harmonic distortion in industrial, commercial, and utility power systems.
Harmonic current and voltage sources may be defined at multiple locations in the power system. Capacitor banks, single tune filters and high pass filters may be included in the voltage and current distortion evaluation, impedance resonance scans, and in harmonic load flow results.
Any type of system design, with any combination of voltage levels may be evaluated with this highly interactive, user friendly software.
With HI_WAVE, new power systems may be examined before they are built and the harmonic effects addressed during the design. Existing power systems may be studied and corrective filter designs evaluated before they are installed. Every bus and branch in the power system may be quickly evaluated for harmonic content and for resonant impedance characteristics.
Unbalanced/Single-Phase Study Module
PTW Unbalanced Studies simulates systems with single-phase, two-phase and unbalanced three-phase load conditions. Phase and sequence currents can be displayed for different operating and load conditions including open-phase and simultaneous faults. Studies include demand load analysis, sizing, load flow/voltage drop and short circuit. Reports also include three-phase and single-phase panel schedules. Modeling includes single-phase, two-phase and three-phase lines, transformers, loads, and capacitors as well as single-phase mid-tap transformers.
Reliability Studies
PTW Reliability Program calculates reliability indices and cost effects for alternative system designs. Calculations include alternative supplies, alternative network configurations, spare equipment, time to repair, and cost impact of lost production. Libraries for time-adjusted component failure rates and costs are provided to save time and simplify system modeling.
DC System Analysis Module
The DC System Analysis includes: Battery Sizing, DC Load Flow, DC Short Circuit (ANSI), and DC Short Circuit (IEC).
Complies with Industry Standards:
- Battery Sizing - IEEE standard 485 for sizing Lead-Acid batteries and IEEE standard 1115-2000 for sizing Nickel-Cadmium batteries, determines the size of batteries to supply the worse case DC duty cycle loads and AC emergency loads.
- DC Load Flow - Calculates power, current and voltage drop profiles. Represents constant kW, I, and Z, load types and evaluates all loading conditions for duty cycle loads and AC emergency loads.
- DC Short Circuit - ANSI standard 399 and 946, calculates the initial rate of rise and peak fault current.
- DC Short Circuit - IEC standard 61660, calculates the peak fault current, time constants, time to peak, and steady state conditions.
Electrical Grounding Analysis
SKM GroundMat is a program for substation ground grid design and analysis.  It is designed to help optimize grid design or reinforce existing grids of any shape. It uses a general-purpose finite element algorithm for potential analysis and graphical facilities to validate ground system efficiency.
Cable Pulling Analysis
CABLE quickly solves complex three-dimensional cable pulling tension and  sidewall pressure calculations, allowing you to make rapid and accurate design decisions.
Don’t leave installation to chance.
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